Coal Tit

The coal tit is a small, charismatic bird native to the United Kingdom and various parts of Europe and Asia. Known for its distinctive markings and lively behaviour, this bird is a common sight in woodlands, gardens, and parks.

What does a coal tit look like?

Coal tits may not have as vibrant plumage as its blue tit relative, but they're still just as eye-catching with its striking, sleek black cap that covers its head and extends to its eyes. The coal tit is considered a small garden bird with a length of 10 to 12 cm, a wingspan of 17 to 20 cm, and weighing around 9 grams. A soft, greyish-blue hue characterizes the upper parts of the coal tit, while the underparts display a warm white colouring. A sharp, jet-black bib graces its throat and upper chest, blending the surrounding plumage. With its bright white cheeks and short, stout bill, this bird is a lively and charming addition to any garden.

What do coal tits eat?

Coal tits have a diverse diet that varies based on the season and availability of food sources. During the nesting season, coal tits primarily feed on insects, dried mealworms, live mealworms, calciworms, and other invertebrates. In the colder months, particularly winter, when insect populations decline, coal tits shift their diet to include a more significant proportion of sunflower seeds, peanuts, and suet.

Where do coal tits nest?

The breeding period of coal tits typically commences in April when they set about finding a suitable nesting site in tree crevices, dense shrubs, or readily available nest boxes. Coal tits prefer their nest boxes to have an entrance hole of 25mm wide and sited at least 1 meter above the ground. The female constructs intricate, cup-shaped nests using moss, nesting wool, feathers, and soft plant matter.

Nest boxes for coal tits

How many eggs do coal tits lay?

Coal tits have 1 - 2 broods per year and typically lay clutches of 7 to 12 small eggs per brood. The female coal tit incubates these eggs for about 13 to 16 days before they hatch. Once hatched, both parents work together to feed and care for the nestlings until they are ready to fledge, which usually occurs after about 15 to 22 days.

Are coal tits rare?

No, coal tits are not considered rare and are one of the country's more common bird species. They are widespread throughout the UK, and you can find them in various habitats, including woodlands, parks, gardens, and even urban areas with sufficient tree cover. While they may not be seen as frequently at bird feeders as some other species, their distinctive appearance and lively behaviour make them a cherished sight for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts across the United Kingdom.